Critical Analysis- the Evolutionary Origins of Friendship...

Title Seyfarth, R. and Cheney, D., 202. The evolutionary Origins of Friendship. Annual review of psychology, 63, p.153-177 Topic In the evolutionary origin of friendship, Robert and Dorothy tell us how genetic relatedness affects friendship in Horse, Elephants, Dolphins and Chimpanzees. They present their article in which they share their argument and analyse as biologists. Both authors argue that individual of the same sex could have strong friendship that did not have to do with reproduction, and the relationship between human can affect their happiness and longevity; however, their opinions are based upon their observation among animals, make it weaker. Also Robert and Dorothy writing are complicated due to their technical writing†¦show more content†¦On the other hand the male baboon leaves its troop and finds a new one. The female alphas’ in the troop are chosen according to their high friendship status. Many scientists and scholars such as Berkman and Holt-Lunstad concluded that having a strong social network reduces stress, lowers the risk of disease, and Longevity (2004 and 2010). The chimpanzees: The society of the chimpanzees is strictly different from that of baboons (Robert and Dorothy 2012, p.157). When reaching maturity the male chimpanzee stays in the troop and the female chimpanzee leaves the troop and joins a new one. The male alpha displays a high rank which is associated with high rates of aggression, displays, and coalition formation (Muller amp; Mitani 2005). Other species: â€Å"A growing body of evidence indicates that the friendships found in the baboons and chimpanzees are not aberrations: similar long-lasting bonds can be found in the animal kingdom† (Dorothy and Robert 2012, p.159). â€Å"In all of these species, females are thee philopatric sex, and the strongest most enduring social bonds are formed among mother-daughter pairs and sisters† (Dorothy and Robert 2012, p.159). With humans and many species, friendship is the key a long life, happiness, and successful reproduction. It’s the kind of social links that you form throughout your life. Species become alphas’ because they make long-term relationships and the mechanism that underlines them. Friendships according to different sexShow MoreRelatedHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pages1857, he extended the idea of evolutionary progress to human society as well as to the animal and physical worlds. All nature moves from the simple to the complex. 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The Impact Of Sexual Harassment On The Workplace - 2906 Words

The Impact of Sexual Harassment Sexual harassment affects the way we work, impacts the way we conduct ourselves in the place of business. Sexual harassment comes in many shapes and forms, and has lingering effects. While the majority has only been noticed in a business setting, sexual harassment occurs in every type of job. Many noted cases have influenced the workforce; and the way we operate together. Policies to deter this action have failed in-order to dissolve such actions. Sexual harassment occurs in every work environment, influences employees, and the work environment, and needs to have policies that are more stringent. In this paper, I will discuss and prove that the lingering effects of sexual harassment can have a negative impact for many years in the workplace. The presence of sexual harassment has become more and more prevalent due to the impact of women joining the workforce. Women are expanding into every aspect of the workforce and are no longer only in the administrative, and hospitality areas, the y are on construction sites, on the front lines alongside men in the military, and down in the coalmines. The Baby Boomer generation where the women stayed home and took care of the family are over and the Gen X has taken over. This Gen X movement has created an influx of women in the workplace in every type of job that is possible, where men are women are, if a man can do it a woman can also. This growing amount of numbers for women in the workplace has createdShow MoreRelatedSexual Harassment And The Workplace1349 Words   |  6 PagesSexual harassment affects the way we work, impacts the way we conduct ourselves in the place of business. Sexual harassment comes in many shapes and forms, and has lingering effects. While only being noticed in the workplace, sexual harassment occurs in every type of job. 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Host based Intrusion Prevention Free Essays

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) recognize the presence of malicious code within traffic that flows through the holes punched into the firewall, our first layer of defense. Though, the word â€Å"intrusion detection† is a bit of a misnomer. Richard Kemmerer and Giovanni Vigna of the University Of California, Santa Barbara, elucidate in an article in the IEEE Security and Privacy magazine: â€Å"Intrusion detection systems do not detect intrusions at all–they only identify evidence of intrusion, either while in progress or after the fact. We will write a custom essay sample on Host based Intrusion Prevention or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Edwin E. Mier, David C. Mier, 2004) An IDS recognizes security threats by detecting scans, probes and attacks, however does not block these patterns; it only reports that they took place. Yet, IDS logged data is invaluable as proof for forensics and incident handling. IDSs as well detect internal attacks, which are not seen by the firewall, and they help in firewall audits. IDSs can be divided into 2 main categories, footed on the IDS alarm triggering mechanism: anomaly detection-based IDS and misuse detection-based IDS. Anomaly detection based IDSs report deviations from â€Å"normal† or expected behavior. Behavior other than â€Å"normal† is measured an attack and is flagged and recorded. Anomaly detection is as well referred to as profile-based detection. The profile describes a baseline for normal user tasks, and the quality of these user profiles directly has an effect on the detection capability of the IDS. Techniques for constructing user profiles comprise: (Nong Ye, 2003). Rule-based approach–Normal user behavior is characterized by creating rules, however analyzing normal traffic is a complicated task. A related approach is protocol anomaly detection. Neural networks–These systems are trained by presenting them with a large amount of data, together with rules regarding data relationships. They then find out if traffic is normal or not; abnormal traffic raises an alarm. Statistical approach–Activity profiles describe the behavior of system or user traffic. Any deviation from normal triggers an alarm. The advantage of anomaly detection is that it can identify previously unknown attacks and insider attacks, without the need for â€Å"signatures†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ that is., predefined attack profiles. One more benefit of anomaly detection is that it’s impossible for the attacker to know what activity causes an alarm, thus they cannot assume that any particular action will go undetected. The disadvantage of anomaly detection is that it produces a large number of â€Å"false positives†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ that is., alerts that are produced by legitimate activity. In addition, besides being complicated as well as hard to understand, building and updating profiles as well need a lot of work. The other most important approach, misuse-detection based IDS (also called signature-based IDS), triggers an alarm when a match is found to a â€Å"fingerprint†-a signature contained in a signature database. These â€Å"fingerprints† are footed on a set of rules that match typical patterns of exploits used by attackers. As there is a known database of exploits, there are few false positives. The disadvantage is that misuse-detection IDSs can merely detect already-known attacks. Besides, the â€Å"fingerprints† database needs to be incessantly updated to keep up with new attacks. The majority IDS products in the market at present use misuse detection. How to cite Host based Intrusion Prevention, Papers