How I Learned to Drive Analysis Essay Example for Free

How I Learned to Drive Analysis EssayIn Paula Vogels How I Learned to Drive, we follow our protagonist nicknamed Lil Bit on a gut wrenching, and downright disturbing journey through her adolescence, told as a series of narrations, monologues, and flashbacks with the occasional interjection of a PSA like congresswoman over. The play recounts the physical and emotional abuse Lil Bit encountered from the ages of eleven to eighteen at the hands of her uncle Peck, while he teaches her to drive.The main flaw I adage in Lil Bit was that she is too smart for her own good. You see this characteristic throughout the play as she manipulates Peck. For example, it was virtually obvious for me when their roles of adult and child atomic number 18 reversed, and Peck is explaining to Lil Bit what a good boy he has been for not drinking.Knowing how much Peck lusts after her she offers him a reward for his good air in the form of undoing her bra. Another great example is when prior to her and peck going on a road trip and Lil Bits mother indicates that she has a sense of what Peck has on his mind, she responds by saying I can take care of myself. And I can certainly worry uncle Peck.At this point in the story she is only eleven. Its hard to imagine a child of that age so grown up emotionally. Overall, most of the characters had likeable qualities, with the exception of the grandmother. I didnt really like the path she meddled in the Parenting of Lil Bit. I liked Big Papa the best. Hes a crabby old timer who speaks anything that comes into his head with reckless abandon. It brought me some levity in an otherwise melancholy play.The climax of the play occurs on Lil Bits ordinal birthday. She and Peck are in a hotel room, and shes been ignoring peck for some time leading up to this meeting as hes been send her cards counting down to her birthday. Lil Bit is obviously conflicted about their relationship now that she has gotten older, entirely Peck is looking forward to a time when its not illegal for them to be together. This is creepy enough on its own, but when Peck drops the marriage bomb, the creep factor skyrockets. I was honestly disgusted at the idea of a man leaving his wife to be with his niece whom hehas known since birth, blood related or not.Prior to the climax, one major event occurs and that is in the monologue that Aunt Mary delivers indicating that she knows whats going on between Peck and Lil bit. The words used during this monologue, indicate to me a couple of make points about this character. First of all she is very intelligent. Her thoughts are well put together and the words she uses indicates to me that she has some sort of education.She is also very intuitive, she picks up on the subtle, non-verbal signals that peck gives off when hes got something on his mind and presumably when hes around Lil Bit. Also, the words used by Lil Bit in her different flashbacks have a direct correlation to her age. Its obvious as you read th em, that during the later ones she is forming more complex thoughts and emotions, which is indicative of growth.For the music in this play, Paula Vogel suggested period correct music spanning two generations. She mentions Motown several times, as well as Roy Orbison and the Beach Boys. Most of this music is romantic and happy with little hints of sexuality and sometimes-pedophilic references. For some weird reason the voice of the announcer in my head was played by the Moviephone guy.The car in the play was described as a Buick Riviera, but in my mind it was more like a Camaro or GTO. The main reason for this is the obvious relationship between Peck and his car. The way he describes the way the aggressive way men are taught to drive and the feeling of a cars response to your touch, just makes me think of those fast nimble sports cars. Taking place in the 1960s, the costumes in my mind were bell-bottoms and flowered shirts, polyester leisure suits, and fringes all over the place. Th is was your typical 1960s attire.I believe the overall theme of this play is about the effect of time on relationships. The relationship between Peck and Lil Bit starts out strong, for her and fragile for him. She has a strong male figure giving her attending while he is nurturing a relationship that he knows is illegal andimmoral. As time progresses, the roles ultimately reverse leaving Peck with much confidence in the relationship while Lil Bit comes to realize the truth about it which leads to its demise. It just goes to show that time will always change relationships, jus not always in the way you imagined.

Meat Industry Essay Example for Free

M lead in Industry EssayPeople all over the world eat sum of money for its nutritional value and taste. The fall in States Department of Agriculture reports that in the year 2011 people in the U.S consumed 25.6 billion pounds of holler out. Most of this meat was produced in America. A Holistic approach to regimen production is important in holy order to improve the quality of beef. What we feed our cattle, the housing conditions and the despatch procedure directly impacts our food. What the farmers feed cattle directly affects the quality of beef for the consumer. The cow has many more benefits from eating grass than being cater corn whisky. It is a lot healthier for kine to consume grass because that is what their stomachs argon made for. The stomachs lay down three sections that be made specifically for digesting grass (Healthy Theory -Corn-Fed Vs. Grass-Fed Beef). Today, most kine are de positione on a diet that is based on corn. The oxen used to be feed grass and roam free however since than there have been changes. The idea about feeding cattle grain began during World War II. It all started when farmers were producing more grain than the Ameri basis population could handle, so the rest of it was fed to cows. It was discovered that feeding a cow different types of grains fattened them up a lot faster than when cows were consuming grass. With a grass fed diet, it takes cows about five years to reach 1,200 pounds.However, with the grain-based diet it takes a cow about 390 days to get to a reachable tip for slaughter (Healthy Theory -Corn-Fed Vs. Grass-Fed Beef). Also, the producer benefits more from feeding his cows corn because it is cheaper than grass. Therefore, a diet based on corn is more cost effective but the quality of meat has less nutritional value (Why Grass Fed- Health Benefits of Grass Fed Beef). The consumer benefits more from meat that comes from cows that consume grass or else than in-taking different types of grains. The cow is a lot healthier and happier when it is eating grass, which results in higher quality meat. Since cows stomachs are meant to break down grass, a corn based diet causes changes in the digestion of a cow leading to serious health problems, such as diarrhea, ulcers, and a weakened immune system. As a result of these issues, the cows are given antibiotics to help prevent this from occurring, which makes the meat unhealthier (Healthy Theory -Corn-Fed Vs. Grass-Fed Beef). Another huge topic of concern is the disregard of animal welfare.These animals arent being cared for and they are treated as units of production (Learn slightly The Issues). In order to fatten up cows in time for slaughter, many farmers put them in feedlots. The conditions these cows go through are unbearable. As many cows as possible are crammed into each pen. The result of this is massive amounts of uncivilised covering the animals living space (The Issues Animal Welfare). This causes the air to be unhealth y and creates many gases and diseases that arent wanted. During the whole time the cows are in the feedlot they are breathing in methane gas. Large amounts of methane are bad for animals because it takes away oxygen from the air, which can affect the central nervous system (2- Health Effects of Methane). The secondary is a more holistic way, which allows the cattle to roam around freely on huge pastures until they get fat enough to get slaughtered. In the United States, animal welfare is being ignored, because cows are being treated in a cruel and unhealthy way.When they are living in the feedlots, they are covered with manure and arent being cared for. As soon as cows are fat enough to get slaughtered, they are sent to the impending slaughterhouse. On their journey they are faced with heartbreaking situations. They are often transported from 1,200 to 1,500 miles away in scorching hot weather or freezing temperatures. Dr. Lester Friedlander, a former U.S. Department of Agriculture veterinarian inspector said, They are crammed onto trucks and go without food or water for days. When it is cold, they are in the back of a trailer with nothing covering them. As the driver drives sixty miles per hour, cows are being exposed to a variety of extreme weather. Many cows collapse in hot weather. While they are traveling they urinate. After sometime it begins to freeze while their hooves are standing in it. Also, the fur of the cows freezes to the sides of the trucks until workers pry them off with crowbars(Cow Transport and Slaughter). When the cows get to the slaughterhouse, they are often in bad conditions. Most of them are sick and cannot walk because they are too weak. In order to move weak and injured cows they are dragged along with a bulldozer by a chain around their sleep together or leg.Even though they are in bad shape, cows are still being used for their meat because it means more cash in the producers pocket. If some of the cows are able to walk, they a re still abused. Workers beat them with a metal rod in order to move them faster (The Humane Society of the United States). Also, before they are killed the cows are lined up to wait for their turn to be immobilise so that they will pass out before they get slaughtered. Sometimes the stunning procedure does not work. Ramon Moreno, a slaughterhouse worker has stated that he often has to cut the legs off of cows that are completely conscious. They blink. They make noises, he says. The head moves, the eyes are wide and looking around. They die rear by piece. If workers try to report that the cows are still alive they risk loosing their jobs (Cow Transport and Slaughter). After cows reach a certain weight they are ready to be slaughtered for meat consumption. The process of turning cows into packed meat can cause the meat to be infected. Before they are slaughtered, cows are cleaned. However, in some cases not well enough. The waste of the cow can get into the processed meat that is being cut by the workers.This can contaminate the meat with E-coli, which is a type of bacteria that can lead to death. According to Centers for Disease Control estimates, up to 20,400 cases of E. coli infection and 500 deaths from E-coli disease occur annually in the United States (Escherichia Coli 0157H7). Another disease that is created in these fast paced industries is mad cow disease. (the issues-slaughterhouses and processing). Mad cow disease affects the cows nervous system and it causes the cow to act confused and loose control of the ability to walk (What is Mad Cow Disease). When people eat infected beef they may contract a human version of mad cow disease. It affects the nervous system causing depression and loss of coordination. As it becomes more severe, it causes delirium (The Basics of Mad Cow Disease). With our modern day technology, slaughterhouses are able to kill thousands and thousands of cows every day.There are many solutions that can change the food industry to produce their meat in a more animal friendly way. To help cut back more meat being produced in factories, consumers can support local farms by eating food that is grown locally. Holistic husbandry care for their animals and focus on get delicious, healthy meat than just producing more and more for profit. The food quality of holistic farmed meat is a lot better because the cows are bootd and treated well as opposed to when the animals are abused their whole life. If we really want a change, it is up to Americans to demand that. Currently, laws support the industrial farming methods and lack the attempt of helping small farms grow. An example is that American tax money goes to support research and the operating cost of large food producing companies (Learn About the Issues).In order for there to be a change, citizens need to become aware of the process. Change will happen by the consumer supporting politicians who are looking to change the food industry. Consequently, produce rs would need to be more focused on the care of the animals than earning as much money as possible. What American farmers feed their cattle, where they raise them and how they get slaughtered directly impacts the quality of our food. It is important for consumers to be aware of the United States food industry because there is so much more behind the food brought to you in the supermarket. If the consumer buys meat that is produced holistically, and legislation puts focus on the care of animals, the food industry will be forced to improve their methods.

Nestle Company Analysis Competition, Growth and SWOT

clutch Company Analysis Competition, Growth and SWOTCompany history and backgroundIn 1867, there was a rapid rise in infant mortality by the reason that the babies were unable to feed from their mothers. Therefore, Henri Nestl a German man developed a pillowcase of milk which based on food for the newborn child. In five years later, his products were being sold more than or less the world as a satisfactory food for all ages. With the significant development, Nestl soon became a multinational industry for the reputation in providing the high- quality condensed milk. Obviously, Nestl continued its succeed by a step into the deep brown industry. Although in 1875 Henri decided to sell the attach to to his three topical anaesthetic businessmen in Vevey but the name has been admited till now. They hired skilled ply to expand their business. Later in 1904, Nestl chocolate was first introduced to the commercialize to compete with chocolate bar Hershey. In 1905, Nestl ventured on a merger with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk company to form a dynamic and potential enterprise. During 1906, Australia has become the second largest export market for Nestl and served by a huge system of retailers and sales agents. Kit Kat, afterward Eight and Smartie respectively added to its portfolio. Australias head office became the headquarter of Oceania Region, which includes New Zealand, Australia and Pacific Island in 1999 and its now the chief executive officer is Trevor Clayton.Company Operations cling to is a preferred trademark in Australia due to its variety brands and the ability of satisfying kinds of customer. Based on the Australians consumption wishs, its products argon categorized into 10 groups Drinks, Coffee Products, breakfast Cereals, Chocolate Confectionery Products, Snacks Muesli Bars, Medicated Lozenges, Recipe Bases Sauces, Noodles, Baking Ingredients and Cooking Milks.According to the Aus Food News that Nestls chocolate products have been ranked at the second space after Cadbury of the top 15 chocolate bars in Australia. Nestls products are now nationwide selling through the outlets.Australia, New Zealand, and Pacific Island are parts of the Oceania region. The come on Oceania is the workplace of more than 5,000 employees within over 70 factories, offices and the distribution centers placed across the region. Until now, draw near has totally 447 factories in 86 countries around the world with appropriately 330,000 employees. Products are being sold in 196 countries and become the worlds leader company in nutrition, health, and wellness with an unmatched portfolio of more than 2,000 global and local brands.Nestl meets the customers need by launching various brands of chocolates includes Kit Kat, Aero, Smarties, Crunch and Nestl. Customers always have many choices with Nestls chocolate as the various shapes, sizes and tastes such(prenominal) as Kit KatThe pie chart below showed the market share of Australia Nestls Chocolate bars with others competitors in 2015The line chart of the market offset of Australia Nestls Chocolate bars from 2011-2013Companys mission statementNestl isthe worlds leading nutrition, health, and wellness company. Our mission of Good Food, Good Life is to provide consumers with the best tasting, most nutritious choices in a wide range of food and beverage categories and eating occasions, from morning to night.The mission statement of hold close is quite good. This is a customer-oriented mission since it concentrates on the consumers need not the sales. It is not too long but not too short and it has a clear content which is easy to understand. The mission statement describes that Nestle and its staff have always focused on their quality because they want to give the best as well as the most healthy, nutritious choices to their consumers to conduce their life condition. Nestle enhances itself by the ability providing the enjoyment of food and beverages which reveal that they giv e people the reason to spend money. However, the customers couldnt completely trust Nestle as far as it points out the implementation plan. Additionally, it is unable to see any core value of the company in the statement such as teamwork, haleness or commitment. Despite the big company, Nestle cannot stand apart from its competitors until it has a comprehensively distinct mission statement.SWOT AnalysisStrengthsProduct diversity Nestle has run a huge number of popular brands until now. The company manages to supply diverse type of food and drinks in order to fit the global market environment also to satisfy their buyers requirement. Obviously, this strength not only impulses the companys revenue but significantly spread their reputation worldwide so as to maintain their loyal customers and introduce to the new ones.Strongly focus on researcher and development The Nestle Researcher and Development (RD) were established to aim at innovating and guarantying the quality as well as the safety of every product. Researchers in the company understand that food can affect and impact human lives therefore Nestl believes that its responsibility is to make effort in seeking a solution to create the more nutritious and healthier food to serve billions of families or individuals all over the world. To facilitate researching, Nestle has 3 Science Researcher centers and 31 Product Technology Centres and RD centers worldwide with about over 5,000 employees includes nutritionists, dietitians and workers. Their attempts are worth to receive the certain from customers choice selection.WeaknessLess ability to provide consistent quality in food productsCustomers have been warned about the food contamination and poor qualities supplies from Nestle and the risk of cancer when using Nestle Milk. Although they are all rumours without any evidence, the image of the company might be negatively affected the consumption and meter of consumers.Opportunities Acquisitions and mergers Nes tle is now owning a broad range of well-being products which bring them much profit annually. This money can give them opportunity to acquire more start-ups to keep expanding their trademark around the world. By this way, they are not only earning but also creating new products with minimal monetary cost. Furthermore, Nestle might be given chances to co-operate with other brands which have reputation such as Coca-Cola in 2001, the Coca-Cola Company and Nestle S.A announced their joint venture to tap a keen growth of beverage segments.Strong researcher developmentNestle has a great and strong team about researching and developing. It is advantage because they can help Nestle to launch more new products in future and expand the market in places even the places with the hard condition, for example Africa in 2016, they found that the Africans had too hardly a(prenominal) healthy red blood cells which transport oxygen around the body in other terms is iron deficiency. Thus, Nestle d ecided to tackle the paradox by adding relevant ingredients which can help them into their most popular products Maggi bouillonDemand healthier foodPeople have trend to choose the best things for themself and their families oddly food which is the most crucial and indispensable thing in daily life. Healthy food definitely has great intensity of buying and consuming. The mission of Nestle is to try their best provide the consistently healthy and nutritious food in response to the demand from customers.Threats Food safety The company has to take legitimate responsibility if there is any problem happens which is related to food safety. Therefore, Nestle must be careful in the producing process even the smallest point. In such an event, the company might be forced to issue product recall and waring, which may devastate the companys reputation.Rising raw food priceWith regard to the growth of global economics, the value of raw materials is rising regularly. Nestle will have to face w ith the situation that they are forced to increase their prices but it maybe resulted in a decrease in consumption while they will suffer capital loss if they keep the price at same stage.

Hobbes Locke And Rousseau And The Social Contract Philosophy Essay

Hobbes Locke And Rousseau And The Social Contract Philosophy EssayAll the above deuce-ace quotes are from three of the or so prestigious and glorified philosophers. All three of them, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau are famous for their works in the field of judicatureal philosophy. These three philosophers dominated the political thoughts of the 17th and eighteenth century.Thomas Hobbes Born on 5 April 1588 in Malmesbury , Wiltshire , England , formed the base for western political thought through his various books, one of which was highly influential in the field of political philosophy was the book Leviathan .Apart from political philosophy he also contributed in the field of history , geometry , ethics and political science. funda workforcet Locke Born on 29 august 1632 in Wrington , Somerset, England, mostly known as the father of Liberalism. His work had a large impact upon the establishment of the impression of epistemology and political philosophy.one of his most famous wr itings is the Two treaties of government .Jean Jacques Rousseau Born on 28 June 1712 in Geneva, Republic of Geneva.his work influenced the French and the American revolution. His major works were in the field of political philosophy , literature ,education and his famous books are Emile and the social weight-lift and discourses.To begin with I would like to pronounce that the social contract from the eyes of these three philosophers is based on one fundamental philosophy that is the put in of temperament, which is different for each one of them as e real(prenominal) three have different dimensions and dynamics to itHobbes considers the enunciate of constitution an horrific one .he simply calls the assert of nature a s a evoke of war that is constant war. This state of war or state of nature is derived from human nature , human beings tendency to desire and to fulfill these desires in vow to remain happy and satisfied in life . Hobbes expresses that the state of nature p rovides full freedom , everyone has the freedom to do what they want . thus thither is have a go at it equality too as each one is capable of desiring what they want and to do anything to achieve the desires always trying to gain more than the other person resulting in conflict and hence a state of war. No person can be inferior to another by the virtue of nature. Hobbes wrote that during the duration men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war and such a war as is of every man against every man .due to the constant dispute and battle among human beings there is constant fear. According to Hobbes people in the state of nature are free to do anything they feel like doing in order to protect their interests hence there is no injustice as there no law .According to Locke state of nature is a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions , and persons as they think fit, within the bound s of law of nature.it is a state also of equality, wherein all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another.He defines the state of nature as that state that is present before the the society develops. Its a state of complete freedom and equality and everyone is equally free. there is this concept of law of nature which both Hobbes and Locke go after . the law of nature governs the state of nature , it is the law derived from human reasoning. But according to Locke the law of reason suggests to avoid harm to self and others well being , property and liberty. This is where Locke opposes Hobbes as he say if the law of nature is followed then there will be complete peace and harmony which prevents the state of nature from entering a state of war .Locke mainly speaks of political equality , he says that one person can not be a victim of authority and oppression of another.Rousseau too disagree with Hobbes with regard to the state of nature .he too felt tha t the state of nature was not a state of war. He presents the state of nature as a primitive one . Where human beings live like savages, whose desires are very basic and simple. There interaction with others is done for no social cause but to fulfill their own basic desires like sex , food and sleep. He said that in a state of nature human beings have notwithstanding a few natural sentiments of self-love and pity. Humans live on basic instincts and can make use of nature hence giving them way more choices than other animals even though they seem like brute animals but they are not. This state is a very peaceful one as there is no vice, and no sentiments like greed, jealousy, envy as there is no civilized society.How and why should the state overhaul the State of Nature and enter into a social contract?Hobbes says In a state of War, there is no place for Industry because the fruit thereof is uncertain and consequently no Culture of the Earth no Navigation,.no commodious Building n o Knowledge of the face of the earth no Account of time no arts no letters no society and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and shortHobbes says that the only way that the state of war in the state of nature can end is with the entering of the social contract. It can prevent chaos which is prevailing in the state of war. Hobbes says that there are laws present in the state of nature but no one to implement them, hence to have an authority or a body which can enforce these laws we need to enter into a contract.Hobbesian social contract demands the human beings in the state of nature to shake off up all their rights to the supreme authority apart from their right to life, which in the case of Hobbes is the sovereign, according to Hobbes the sovereign is absolute authority. The contract is void one the aim of the contract is not fulfilled that is the citizens of the state are not secure.According to L ocke the reason behind leaving the state of nature are three inconveniences in the law of nature that there wants an established known law, there wants a known and impartial judge, and there wants the power to back and support the sentence when right and to give it due execution he says that humans have to transfer from the state of nature to the social contract in order to create a political society.According to Locke the social contract is entered only once there is consent of the people. This social contract forms a civil society with a government the decision of this was the protection of life, property and liberty.Rousseau claims moving out from the state of nature because as the population increased the resources were strained as a result of which humans started aliment in concourses,there were personal comparisons, which led to pride and vanity, with time passing there there were innovations resulting in leisure hence causing greed, all this created division between the ri ch and the poor.the social unrest caused by all this showed a need of a government hence Rousseau explains the need for exit from the state of nature.He states that the government should be formed on the basis of a general will. For the general will to be truly general, it must be general in its origin, in its form and when there is economic equality he says that there must be a say of each and every person of the society, that a group should not represent the mass but each person should have the ability to vote and chose their sovereign.From the above text we realize that all three of them agreed to having a contract for the greater good of society. Hobbes and Rousseau want a absolute sovereign whereas Locke places various limitations to the sovereign. I feel all even though the three theorists differ in a few fundamental points their aims and purposes are mostly similar.-SHIVEN VARMA

Collective Responsibility For Learning And Education

Collective Responsibility For Learning And EducationIt is often heard that two brains be better than hotshot. And the idea of much(prenominal) makes perfect sense. One would suppose that by sniping together, more will be accomplished. But does this apply to a domesticate, its administrators and t for each oneers, and its scholars? As stated in this article, entropy was provided, hypotheses were assumed, and studies were completed to see if, in fact, collective obligation does have promising impacts. Throughout the course of this essay, the importance of collective responsibility within a school and its effects on gains in achievement for early secondary school students will be examined, tested, and discussed.What is collective responsibility? The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy refers to collective responsibility as a shared responsibility (Smiley, 2005). This definition is displayed similarly in a school. Collective responsibility is all members of the school (including but not confine to administrators, teachers, counselors) accepting responsibility for the students success or lack thitherof. Authors Valerie E. Lee (an associate professor of education at the University of Michigan) and Julia B. Smith (an assistant professor of education institution and school reform at the University of Rochester) conducted an experiment to determine if the organization of teachers track down influences students. (Lee and Smith, 1996). This study focused on three theories the before mentioned collective responsibility for student study, staff cooperation, and control over classroom and school work conditions (Lee and Smith, 1996). The article states that it is important for a secondary school to bureaucratically distribute knowledge into partitions with each group having its own set of experts. For example, teachers would undertake the role of knowledge experts. With this, teachers will be cooperating amongst one an opposite in order to improve upon past teac hing methods in hopes gaining student achievement. These educators will not only benefit from face to face interaction with their colleagues, but they will also take part in teamwork. (Lee and Smith, 1996). Lastly, the authors of this article believe that distributing control will produce more effective decision makers as teachers. This idea of empowerment suggests that decision making over resources, technological skills, and curriculum knowledge be handled properly by administrators and teachers. While there is no known relationship between teacher control and student outcome, there is a connection between teacher control and his or her attitude about his or her efficiency in the classroom. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The article states, empowering teachers would induce commitment, and commitment would in turn influence student learning (Lee and Smith, 1996). To understand more about collective responsibility, a study was completed to focus on the shared edge between teachers, studen ts, and schools (Lee and Smith, 1996).The purpose of this research was to study the correlation between teachers work lives and the extent to which their students learn. Three hypotheses were presumed relating to the interest subjects responsibility and demographics, the teacher and his or her work life, and the teachers work life and equity. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The initiatory hypothesis suggested that schools where teachers assume responsibility for learning enroll students who typically do better in school (Lee and Smith, 1996). These schools are said to be those with more privileged students according to their race, social class, or ability. Understandably, teachers would be more correspondingly to accept acknowledgment for their students achievements if they are learning well. Conversely, teachers would be less like to accept blame for their students failures and pass the responsibility onto the children and their families. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The second hypothesis theo rized that in schools where teachers take more responsibility for the results of the teaching students learn more. In schools characterized by elevated levels of staff collaboration and teacher control, students also learn more. (Lee and Smith, 1996). And the third hypothesis suggested that features of teachers work live may either facilitate or debilitate the learning of disadvantaged students. Specifically full(prenominal) up levels of responsibility for learning are associated with learning that is equitably distributed within the school according to students social background. (Lee and Smith, 1996). These hypotheses were tested.Following are exact descriptions of the method used to conduct this study. The sampling design was derived from a exemplification used in the first and second waves of the National Educational Longitudinal instruct of 1988 (NELS88) (Lee and Smith, 1996). NELS88 was sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and is an all-purpos e analysis of United States students and schools. The article discloses that one thousand middle grade schools (about 25 students in the eighth grade from each school) were tested in 1988. These same students (tracked through questionnaires) were tested again in 1990. (Lee and Smith, 1996). This sample included all NELS sophomores the fit the hailing criteriaStudents must have full cognitive test data from the base year and the first follow up,Data must be available from their senior high school schools and their teachers,Students had to be enrolled in public, Catholic, or elite private high schools, andStudents must have been attention high school with at least four other NELS sampled students. (Lee and Smith, 1996).After the conditions were applied, 11,692 students from 820 different schools were studied. These schools consisted of 650 public schools, 68 Catholic schools, and 47 independent schools. (Lee and Smith, 1996). There were also certain criteria for the teachers of the students. In the base year the teacher sample was comprised of either the eighth graders mathematics or science teacher and either the English or social studies teacher (Lee and Smith, 1996). The teachers were subject-matched when the students reached the tenth grade in the first follow up according to the base year. Below is a pie chart of how the subjects mathematics, science, English, and social studies were distributed as a major subject area amongst the teachers.(Lee and Smith, 1996). Four measures were assessed as part of the teachers professional community. They are 1) collective responsibility for student learning, 2) the standard deviation of teachers responsibility for student learning, 3) cooperation and support among teachers and administrators, and 4) teacher control. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The outcomes from the base test and the follow up test were altered with item response theory (IRT) methods and ultimately compared to see the difference between the two tests. This difference was referred to as the gain score.. In science and social studies, the outcomes were equal from the base test to the follow up test. However, in mathematics and English, the follow up tests had to be adjusted to fit the students capabilities. demographic measures included the students social class, minority status, and gender and the schools average social class, minority concentration, ability level, academic emphasis, and sector. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The analytic approach provided a descriptive analysis of teachers work lives. The schools were grouped into three categories 1) high levels of collective responsibility for learning, 2) average levels of collective responsibility for learning, and 3) low levels of collective responsibilities for learning, based on the standard deviation above, within, or below the mean. (Lee and Smith, 1996). After the research had been completed, the results were presented.To understand the results, one must observe the tables presented in the article. When considering the descriptive differences among students in schools with differing levels of collective responsibility for student learning, note that the students are categorized into three groups based upon the levels of collective responsibility structure throughout the school they are attending high-responsibility, average responsibility, and low responsibility (Lee and Smith, 1996). The students attending high responsibility schools calculate to a total of 1,226 students, or 10.5%, while the students attending average responsibility schools is a much greater total of 8,801 students, or 75.3%. Lastly, students attending low responsibility schools fall between high responsibility schools and average responsibility schools with 1,665 students, or 14.2%. (Lee and Smith, 1996). These outcomes can be found in table one in the article. Table two in the article display information regarding descriptive differences among schools with differing levels of collective res ponsibility for learning (Lee and Smith, 1996). Again, the levels of collective responsibility are pick out into three groups schools with high levels of collective responsibility, schools with average levels of collective responsibility, and schools with low levels of collective responsibility. The number of schools filed in the high levels of collective responsibility is 134, or 16.3%, whereas the number of schools pick out into the average levels of collective responsibility is a significantly larger number of 548 schools, or 66.9%. The schools with low levels of collective responsibility rest slightly higher than those with high levels but considerably lower than those with average levels of collective responsibility at 138 schools, or 16.8%. The tables go on to show that

Contempt of Court in Canada Essay -- essays research papers

IntroductionThis paper is concerned with the jet law of despite of court. More specifically, it outlines the arguments in favour of, and against, codifying this law. The purpose is to discuss problems with scorn of court, and make proposals to restructure the law. The first part of this paper will explain the openness principle, which is the balancing factor in respect of contempt of court. The second part will outline the common law offence of contempt of court and narrow the arena of this paper. The second part will set out and explain the arguments in favour of, and against, codifying the law. Finally, the last part of the paper will set forth approximately proposals for reform.The Openness PrincipleEven before freedom of expression was enshrined in our constitution, the judiciary noted that the basic principle governing judicial proceedings in Canada was their openness. Canadian courts are public institutions and accordingly, courtroom occurrences should be public busines s. As one Supreme Court justice stated, openness was to be the rule covertness the exception. It was move on noted that at every stage of the process, the rule should be one of public accessibility and judicial accountability. Now, since free expression has been espoused by Canadians and enshrined in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms , the openness principle has attained a constitutional basis. Advancement of the principle is made possible by the media, as news reports are the essential means by which the public obtains information about the courts. Hence, courts must be open to the media in order for them to be open to the public. This concept is not bracing to Canadas judicial system. In fact, in recognition of this notion, the system has allowed media exceptions to certain rules and regulations of the court. A limitation on the openness principle is found in the common law of contempt of court. The underlying foundation of this analysis is that contempt of court must be balanced with the openness principle because accurate and fair courtroom reports are an integral part of the due administration of justice. Contempt of Court, GenerallyContempt addresses behaviour, actions, and publications that interfere with, or create a real risk of hinder with, the due administration of justice. It regulates a range of human activities that pose a risk of such interferenc... ...contempt were formed but rejected on the basis that codification would have made an unnecessarily restrictive offence even more restrictive. Then, in 1984, a criterion was introduced which would have codified much of the law of contempt. The bill was never enacted and nothing has happened since. The time has come to reconsider these issues as the law is now in dire need of reform.To clarify, this paper is not suggesting that all contempt of court law be codified. That would be an almost impossible task for a paper of this length, given the complexity of this area of law. Instead, the focus has been on wedge shape judice common law contempt, its effect on our rights and freedoms, and the arguments in respect of codification. Balancing the rights and freedoms of Canadians with the administration of justice, the logical step seems to be in the direction of codification. Other jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom, have taken the positive step toward codification. Perhaps Canada should examine the progress of these jurisdictions, and determine whether their attempts to limit the scope of media restrictions, while protecting the interests knotted in trial proceedings, have been successful.

Technology’s Detrimental Effects on Communication Essay -- Communicati

Recent advancements in engineering, especially social networking, have in earnest hindered the dialogue skills of immediatelys society by promoting edited, impersonal and staged communication. Todays society places a high value on web points such as Facebook, MySpace and chirp so much so, that it is startling when someone does not own a profile on a social network. The dependency on technological communication continues to reduce the ability of todays generation to read body language, facial expressions, and to clearly vocalize what is important to them. Technology has changed drastically in the knightly 50 years, and continues to grow and morph every day. Todays youth and adolescents are seen with their heads down, texting on their cell phones, instead of looking up and conversing with the people just about them. While individually, each of the components of a social networking website may seem useful and necessary, the sum of them is drastically diminishing the abilit y of society to amour and communicate in the absence of this technology. Websites such as Facebook and Twitter allow users to update their profiles at any moment, 24 instants a day 7 old age a week, and straightaway even from the very phone they use to text. These updates are all-encompassing and spate range from life changing I Just build out Im pregnant To the mindless minutiae of I just ate a sandwich. accessible Networking sites have become to go-to-website for anything youd want to do online. Through these sites, you can contact your friends and family, caper games, take quizzes, get help with homework, and even cruise the dating scene through applications on some websites. Since social networking sites can convert event invitations, purchased mental picture games, conversatio... ...eir friends and family, and to hold conversation in general. Speaking and communication skills are all affected by the constant use and abuse of networking sites, and of technology in gen eral. side of meat and Sexton say it in the simplest words conceivable Every hour that is spent on a social networking web site is another hour spent alone (1) Works CitedBaca, Jimmy Santiago. Becoming a Poet. Reading Our World Conversations in Context. Ed. Robert P Yagelski. 2nd ed. Boston Wadsworth, 2010. 387-393. home runEnglish, Marlanda, and Sexton, Jennifer. Counterpoint Social Networking Websites Isolate People and put them at Risk of Predation. EBSCOhost. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. Online. Tannen, Deborah. Sex, Lies, and Conversation. Reading Our World Conversations inContext. Ed. Robert P Yagelski. 2nd ed. Boston Wadsworth, 2010. 330-335. marker Technologys Detrimental Effects on Communication Essay -- Communicati Recent advancements in technology, especially social networking, have severely hindered the communication skills of todays society by promoting edited, impersonal and staged communication. Todays society places a high value on websites suc h as Facebook, MySpace and Twitter so much so, that it is startling when someone does not own a profile on a social network. The dependency on technological communication continues to reduce the ability of todays generation to read body language, facial expressions, and to clearly vocalize what is important to them. Technology has changed drastically in the past 50 years, and continues to grow and morph every day. Todays youth and adolescents are seen with their heads down, texting on their cell phones, instead of looking up and conversing with the people around them. While individually, each of the components of a social networking website may seem useful and necessary, the sum of them is drastically diminishing the ability of society to function and communicate in the absence of this technology. Websites such as Facebook and Twitter allow users to update their profiles at any moment, 24 hours a day 7 days a week, and now even from the very phone they use to text. These updates are all-encompassing and can range from life changing I Just found out Im pregnant To the mindless minutiae of I just ate a sandwich. Social Networking sites have become to go-to-website for anything youd want to do online. Through these sites, you can contact your friends and family, play games, take quizzes, get help with homework, and even cruise the dating scene through applications on some websites. Since social networking sites can replace event invitations, purchased video games, conversatio... ...eir friends and family, and to hold conversation in general. Speaking and communication skills are all affected by the constant use and abuse of networking sites, and of technology in general. English and Sexton say it in the simplest words conceivable Every hour that is spent on a social networking web site is another hour spent alone (1) Works CitedBaca, Jimmy Santiago. Becoming a Poet. Reading Our World Conversations in Context. Ed. Robert P Yagelski. 2nd ed. Boston Wadsworth, 2 010. 387-393. PrintEnglish, Marlanda, and Sexton, Jennifer. Counterpoint Social Networking Websites Isolate People and put them at Risk of Predation. EBSCOhost. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. Online. Tannen, Deborah. Sex, Lies, and Conversation. Reading Our World Conversations inContext. Ed. Robert P Yagelski. 2nd ed. Boston Wadsworth, 2010. 330-335. Print